基于正交光栅采样云纹的专用机械振动非接触式测试技术研究

Research on Non-contact Vibration Measurement Technology for Special Machinery Based on Orthogonal Grating Sampling Moiré

  • 摘要: 旋转机械在航空航天、核能工程、电力能源等关键领域具有广泛应用,其振动特性直接关系到设备运行的安全性和稳定性。在核能工程领域,专用旋转机械的测振通常采用电涡流传感器技术,该类技术在碳纤维复合材料等新型材料的振动测量中存在导电性依赖、无法实现全场位移测量等局限性。针对相关需求,本文提出了一种基于正交光栅采样云纹的专用机械振动非接触式测试技术,将双目立体视觉与采样云纹相位解析技术相结合,实现了对复杂曲面结构在振动载荷下的三维动态位移场的实时测量。该方法通过极线矫正、标记点自动定位与跟踪、相位解析、相位匹配与三维重建等全流程自动化处理步骤,重构物体表面三维形貌与位移场,进而提取振动时域与频域特征。在测试中,以3D打印圆柱模型为对象,在5 Hz正弦激励下进行振动测量,重建直径误差为0.23%,位移场均方根误差(RMSE)达亚微米级。与传统数字图像相关法(DIC)相比,本文方法在保证精度的同时处理效率提升显著。

     

    Abstract: Rotating machinery is widely used in critical fields such as aerospace, nuclear engineering, and power energy, where its vibration characteristics directly impact its service safety and stability. In the nuclear engineering sector, vibration measurement for specialized rotating machinery typically employs eddy current sensor technology, which has limitations on aspects of conductivity dependency, non-continuous displacement measurement when applied to new materials such as carbon fiber composites. In this study, a non-contact vibration testing technique for specialized machinery based on orthogonal sampling Moiré, combining binocular stereo vision was proposed to achieve full-field, high-precision, and measurement of three-dimensional displacement fields of complex curved structures under vibrations loading conditions. The method involves fully automated processing steps including epipolar correction, automatic marker point localization and tracking, phase analysis, phase matching, and 3D reconstruction, enabling the reconstruction of object surface 3D morphology and displacement fields to extract vibration time-domain and frequency-domain features. Experiments conducted on a 3D-printed cylindrical model under 5 Hz sinusoidal excitation demonstrated a reconstruction diameter error of 0.23% and a displacement field root mean square error (RMSE) reaching submicron levels. When being compared to traditional digital image correlation (DIC), the proposed method can significantly improves processing efficiency while maintaining accuracy.

     

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