棒束通道内非共晶熔融物流动凝固特性实验研究

Experimental Study on Flow and Solidification Characteristics of Non-eutectic Corium in Rod-bundle Channel

  • 摘要: 为研究钠冷快堆严重事故下非共晶熔融物在棒束通道内的流动凝固特性,设计搭建了19棒束实验装置,采用NaNO3-KNO3二元非共晶熔融物,分别在不锈钢棒束与锡棒束中开展了对比实验。通过布置热电偶阵列获取温度瞬态数据,并结合凝固形貌观察与拐点法对流动前沿进行追踪,系统分析了熔融物扩展特性及影响机制。结果表明,熔融物扩展过程中温度呈现三阶段演化特征,且扩展能力由内层向外层逐步衰减,局部凝固堵塞引发的分流效应和能量再分配是熔融物在棒束通道中持续扩展的关键机制。不锈钢壁面导致熔融物在入口快速凝固并伴随温度振荡,凝固产物以致密微晶层为主,体现出纯传热主导机制。锡壁面因高导热与低熔点使入口峰值温度降低、高温期延长但阻塞加剧,凝固产物演变为粗糙表面及分层粘连,反应机制转向热质耦合。研究结果可为钠冷快堆严重事故下燃料组件的安全分析与结构优化提供技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the flow and solidification behavior of non-eutectic corium in rod-bundle subchannels during severe accidents in sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs), a 19 pin bundle experimental facility with representative triangular subchannels was developed. Comparative experiments were performed in stainless steel and tin rod-bundles to simulate non-melting and melting fuel pin conditions, respectively. A binary NaNO3-KNO3 mixture with a wide solid liquid temperature interval was selected as the corium simulant in order to reproduce the phase transition characteristics of multicomponent non-eutectic coriums. Transient temperature distributions were obtained using thermocouple arrays arranged along both axial and radial directions, while flow front evolution and post solidification morphologies were analyzed to clarify the dominant transport and phase change mechanisms. The results show that the corium exhibits a typical three stage thermal evolution during downward propagation, including an initial preheating stage, a rapid temperature rise caused by direct melt contact, and a subsequent temperature decay associated with cooling and solidification. The penetration capability gradually decreases from the inner subchannels to the outer subchannels because of enhanced heat dissipation and premature solidification near peripheral regions. Local blockage induced by solidification forces the subsequent melt to divert into neighboring subchannels, resulting in secondary temperature increase at downstream locations and promoting further axial penetration. The combined effects of flow diversion and energy redistribution are identified as key mechanisms governing sustained melt relocation within rod-bundle geometries. In the stainless steel bundle, rapid interfacial freezing near the inlet produces dense microcrystalline solid layers accompanied by transient temperature oscillations, indicating that the process is mainly controlled by heat transfer driven solidification. In contrast, the tin bundle exhibits lower inlet peak temperatures but longer high temperature residence times because of the high thermal conductivity and low melting temperature of tin. Melting of the rod surface intensifies local blockage and enhances flow nonuniformity between the inner and outer channels. The final solidified structures display rough surfaces, layered adhesion, metallic reaction regions, and bonding between adjacent rods, demonstrating strong coupling among heat transfer, wall melting, and mass transport. Flow front analysis based on the inflection point method further reveals that corium propagation in the tin bundle becomes slower and more heterogeneous because of the coupled melting and solidification interactions. This study presents experimental evidence and mechanistic insights into non-eutectic corium relocation and freezing behavior within complex rod bundle geometries. The findings provide valuable support for severe accident analysis and safety-oriented design optimization of SFR fuel assemblies.

     

/

返回文章
返回