先进小型一体化全自然循环压水堆关键安全特性整体性能试验研究

Experimental Study on Key Safety Characteristics and Overall Performance of Advanced Small-scale Integrated Fully Natural-circulation PWRs

  • 摘要: 针对先进小型一体化全自然循环压水堆(简称供热堆),本文介绍了基于多级双层比例分析方法(H2TS)设计建造的整体性能试验台架,并开展了典型设计基准事故工况试验研究。该台架在主要几何布置、系统配置、专设安全设施及控制逻辑方面与原型堆保持相似性,能够表征供热堆典型瞬态和事故工况下的关键热工水力现象。选取稳压器顶部破口失水事故(LOCA)和丧失三回路热阱非LOCA两类工况开展整体性能试验。结果表明:在稳压器顶部破口LOCA工况下,非能动应急堆芯冷却(JNG)系统能够按设定逻辑触发,自动卸压与直接注射过程依次建立,事故进程中堆芯始终保持淹没状态;在丧失三回路热阱非LOCA工况下,非能动二次侧余热排出(NCR)系统能够投入运行,并建立自然循环余热排出路径,持续导出堆芯衰变热。试验结果验证了供热堆专设安全系统的响应特性及事故缓解逻辑,能为该类反应堆安全分析程序验证和安全审评提供整体效应试验依据。

     

    Abstract: An advanced small-scale integrated fully natural-circulation pressurized water reactor (PWR), hereafter referred to the heating reactor, is intended for nuclear heating, industrial steam supply, and distributed energy applications. Owing to its integral configuration, full natural-circulation primary system, and passive engineered safety features, its thermal-hydraulic behavior and accident mitigation process differ from those of conventional loop-type PWRs. To support the integral performance verification of this reactor concept, an overall performance test facility was designed and constructed using the hierarchical two-tiered scaling (H2TS) methodology. The facility maintains similarity to the prototype in terms of the main geometric arrangement, system configuration, engineered safety features, and control logic, and is capable of representing key thermal-hydraulic phenomena of the heating reactor under typical transient and accident conditions, including primary-side natural circulation, pressure interaction between the reactor pressure vessel and containment, passive depressurization, gravity-driven injection, and secondary-side passive residual heat removal. Overall performance tests were conducted for two representative design-basis accident scenarios: a pressurizer-top break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) and a loss of tertiary heat sink non-LOCA transient. For the pressurizer-top break LOCA, the test conservatively assumes failure of the passive secondary-side residual heat removal system and immediate isolation of the secondary side after break initiation. The transient reproduces the main accident phenomena, including rapid primary depressurization, containment pressurization and steam condensation, actuation of the automatic depressurization system, establishment of direct vessel injection, and long-term passive recirculation cooling. The results show that the passive emergency core cooling (designated as JNG) system is actuated in accordance with the designed logic. The automatic depressurization and direct vessel injection processes are established sequentially, and the collapsed water level in the reactor pressure vessel remains above the top of the active core throughout the transient, indicating that core submergence is maintained under the tested conditions. For the loss of tertiary heat sink non-LOCA transient, the normal heat removal path is isolated, leading to an initial rise in the temperature and pressure of the primary and secondary systems. After the high pressurizer pressure signal is reached, reactor trip is initiated and the core power is reduced according to the decay heat curve. The passive secondary-side residual heat removal (designated as NCR) system is subsequently put into operation and established a natural-circulation heat removal path through the intermediate isolation loop and the external water pool. The test results show that the pressurizer pressure decreases after reaching its peak value, the core inlet and outlet temperatures enter a stable cooling stage after short-term redistribution, and the heat removal power of the NCR system gradually matches the simulated core decay heat. Overall, the experiments verify the response characteristics and accident mitigation logic of the engineered safety systems of the heating reactor, and provide overall performance experimental data for safety analysis code validation and safety review of this reactor type.

     

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